
E-Code Products ( Halal, Haram
,Syubhah)
Chemical
Name
Description
Remarks
100
Curcumin
(C.I. 75300)
Colouring
Orange-yellow
colouring extracted from the rhizome of a
plant of the ginger family called Curcuma longa (turmeric)
101
Riboflavin/Lactofavin/Vitamin
B2 *
Colouring/
Vitamin
Yellow
or orange-yellow colouring manufactured from yeast or
other fermenting organisms. May also be synthesised from xylene, ribose
or
alloxan
102
Tartrazine/FD&C
Yellow 5 (C.I. 19140)
Colouring
Synthetic
yellow colouring
104
Quinoline
Yellow (C.I. 47005)
Colouring
Synthetic
dull yellow colouring
107
Yellow
2G (C.I. 18965)
Colouring
Synthetic
yellow colouring
110
Sunset
Yellow FCF/FD&C Yellow 6 (C.I. 15985)
Colouring
Synthetic
yellow colouring
120
Cochineal/Carminic
acid/Carmines (C.I. 75470) *
Colouring
Natural
red colouring which may be extracted from the bodies
of female insects called Dactilopius coccus
122
Carmoisine/Azorubine
(C.I. 14720)
Colouring
Synthetic
red colouring
123
Amaranth/FD&C
Red 2 (C.I. 16185)
Colouring
Synthetic
purplish red colouring
124
Ponceau
4R/Cochineal Red A (C.I. 16255)
Colouring
Synthetic
red colouring
127
Erythrosine/FD&C
Red 3 (C.I. 45430)
Colouring
Synthetic
cherry pink to red colouring
128
Red
2G (C.I. 18050)
Colouring
Synthetic
red colouring
129
Allura
Red AC/Food Red 17/FD&C Red 40 (C.I. 16035)
Colouring
Synthetic
red colouring
131
Patent
Blue V (C.I. 42051)
Colouring
Synthetic
dark bluish-violet colour
132
Indigo
Carmine/Indigotine/FD&C Blue 2 (C.I. 73015)
Colouring
Synthetic
blue colouring
133
Brilliant
Blue FCF/FD&C Blue 1 (C.I. 42090)
Colouring
Synthetic
blue colouring
140
Chlorophyll
(C.I. 75810) *
Colouring
Natural
olive to dark green colouring found in many plants.
Solvents such as ethanol are used in the extraction of chlorophyll
141
Copper
Complexes of Chlorophyll (C.I. 75810) *
Colouring
Olive-green
colouring which is derived from the substitution
of magnesium ion in chlorophyll with copper
142
Green
S/Acid Brilliant Green BS/Food green S/Lissamine green
(C.I 44090)
Colouring
Synthetic
green colouring
150
Caramel
Colouring
Dark
brown colouring prepared by the controlled heat
treatment of carbohydrates (e.g. glucose syrup, sucrose)
151
Brilliant
Black BN (C.I. 28440)
Colouring
Synthetic
black colouring
153
Carbon
Black/Vegetable Carbon *
Colouring
Black
colouring which may be prepared from animal charcoal
or vegetable sources. The commercial source is mainly from plant
material
154
Brown
FK/Food Brown
Colouring
Synthetic
brown colouring
155
Brown
HT/Chocolate Brown HT (C.I. 20285)
Colouring
Synthetic
brown colouring
160a
Alpha-/Beta-/Gamma-Carotene
(C.I. 75130) *
Colouring
Orange-yellow
colouring which is naturally found in many
plants including in carrots. May be commercially synthesised in the
laboratory
160b
Annatto/Bixin/Norbixin
(C.I. 75120) *
Colouring
Yellow
to peach colouring naturally found in the pericarp
(seed coat) of the Annato tree. May be extracted by means of
water-soluble or
oil-soluble methods
160c
Capsanthin/Capsorubin/Paprika
extract *
Colouring
Red
to orange colouring prepared by solvent extraction of
the fruit pods and seeds of Capsicum annuum
160d
Lycopene
(C.I. 75125) *
Colouring
Natural
red colouring extracted from tomatoes
160e
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal/Beta-8’-apocarotenal
*
Colouring
Synthetic
orange to yellowish-red colouring
160f
Ethyl
ester of Beta-apo-8-carotenoic acid *
Colouring
Synthetic
orange to yellow colouring
161a
Flavoxanthin
*
Colouring
Yellow
colouring which is a derivative of carotene (E160a).
May contain other substances such as oils and fats derived from the
source
material
161b
Lutein
*
Colouring
Natural
yellow to reddish colouring taken from plant
extract. May also be obtained from the same source as chlorophyll (E140)
161c
Cryptoxanthin
*
Colouring
Yellow
colouring present in plants, orange rind, egg yolk
and butter
161d
Rubixanthin
*
Colouring
Yellow
colouring present in rosehips
161e
Violaxanthin
*
Colouring
Yellow
colouring taken from plants e.g. yellow pansies
161f
Rhodoxanthin
*
Colouring
Yellow
colouring found in the seeds of the yew tree
161g
Canthaxanthin
(C.I. 40850) *
Colouring
Orange
colouring isolated from some mushrooms. May be
commercially produced as part of the synthesis of carotene (E160a)
162
Beet
Red/Betanin/Betanidin
Colouring
Deep
purplish-red colouring extracted from beetroot
163
Anthocyanins
*
Colouring
Red,
blue colouring extracted from grape-skin extract and/or
red cabbage by means of water, methanol or ethanol
170
Calcium
Carbonate/Chalk (C.I. 77220) *
Inorganic
colouring
May
be extracted from naturally occurring white mineral or
animal bones
171
Titanium
Dioxide (C.I. 77891)
Inorganic
colouring
White
colouring prepared from naturally occurring mineral
ilmenite
172
Iron
Oxides/Red: 77491/Black: 77499 (Yellow: C.I. 77492)
Inorganic
colouring
Yellow,
red, orange, brown and black colouring from
naturally occurring pigments or iron
173
Aluminium
(C.I. 77000)
Inorganic
colouring
Naturally
occurring metallic colour from bauxite
174
Silver
(C.I. 77820)
Inorganic
colouring
Metallic
colour from naturally occurring metal
175
Gold
(C.I. 77480)
Inorganic
colouring
Metallic
colour from naturally occurring metal
180
Pigment
Rubine/Lithol Rubine BK (C.I. 15850)
Inorganic
colouring
Synthetic
red colouring
200
Sorbic
Acid
Preservative
Naturally
occurring in some fruits. May be synthetically
manufactured from ketene
201
Sodium
Sorbate
Preservative
Manufactured
by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)
202
Potassium
Sorbate
Preservative
Manufactured
by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)
203
Calcium
Sorbate
Preservative
Manufactured
by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)
210
Benzoic
Acid
Preservative
Naturally
occurring in many edible berries, fruits and
vegetables. May also be synthetically produced
211
Sodium
Benzoate
Preservative
Sodium
salt of benzoic acid (E210)
212
Potassium
Benzoate
Preservative
Potassium
salt of benzoic acid (E210)
213
Calcium
Benzoate
Preservative
Calcium
salt of benzoic acid (E210)
214
Ethyl
4-hydroxybenzoate/Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Preservative
Manufactured
from benzoic acid (E210)
215
Ethyl
4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt/Sodium ethyl
para-hydroxybenzoate
Preservative
Manufactured
from benzoic acid (E210)
216
Propyl
4-hydroxybenzoate/Propylparaben
Preservative
Manufactured
from benzoic acid (E210)
217
Propyl
4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt
Preservative
Manufactured
from benzoic acid (E210)
218
Methyl
4-hydroxybenzoate/Methylparaben
Preservative
Manufactured
from benzoic acid (E210)
219
Methyl
4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt
Preservative
Manufactured
from benzoic acid (E210)
220
Sulphur
Dioxide
Preservative
Manufactured
chemically by the combustion of sulphur or
gypsum
221
Sodium
Sulphite
Preservative
Sodium
salt of sulphurous acid
222
Sodium
Hydrogen Sulphite/Sodium Bisulphite
Preservative
Sodium
salt of sulphurous acid
223
Sodium
Metabisulphite
Preservative
Sodium
salt of sulphurous acid
224
Potassium
Metabisulphite/Potassium Pyrosulphite
Preservative
Potassium
salt of sulphurous acid
225
Potassium
Sulphite
Preservative
Potassium
salt of sulphurous acid
226
Calcium
Sulphite
Preservative
Calcium
salt of sulphurous acid
227
Calcium
Hydrogen Sulphite/Calcium Bisulphite
Preservative
Calcium
salt of sulphurous acid
230
Biphenyl/Diphenyl
Preservative
Synthetically
produced by action of heat on benzene
231
2-Hydroxybiphenyl
Preservative
Manufactured
from phenyl ether or dibenzofuran
232
Sodium
Biphenyl-2-yl-oxide
Preservative
Synthetically
produced
233
2-(Thiazol-4-yl)
Benzimidazole
Preservative
Chemically
synthesised
234
Nisin
*
Preservative
Produced
by the growth of a bacterium called Streptococcus
lactis.
235
Natamycin/Pimaricin
*
Preservative
Produced
by the growth of a bacterium called Strepmyces
natalensis
236
Formic
Acid
Preservative
Produced
commercially by heating carbon monoxide and sodium
hydroxide under pressure and decomposing the resulting sodium formate
with
sulphuric acid
237
Sodium
Formate
Preservative
Sodium
salt of formic acid (E236)
238
Calcium
Formate
Preservative
Calcium
salt of formic acid (E236)
239
Hexamine
Preservative
Manufactured
from formaldehdye and ammonia
249
Potassium
Nitrite
Preservative
Potassium
salt of nitrous acid
250
Sodium
Nitrite
Preservative
Manufactured
from sodium nitrate by bacterial or chemical
actions
251
Sodium
Nitrate
Preservative
Naturally
occurring mineral
252
Potassium
Nitrate/Saltpetre *
Preservative
Naturally
occurring mineral. May also be artificially
produced from vegetable material and waste animal
260
Acetic
Acid *
Food
Acid
Commercially
manufactured by the action of methanol and
carbon monoxide. The acetic acid in vinegar may be produced by the
action of
bacterium Acetobacter on alcohol
261
Potassium
Acetate
Food
Acid
Potassium
salt of acetic acid (E260)
262
Sodium
Acetate
Food
Acid
Sodium
salt of acetic acid (E260)
263
Calcium
Acetate
Food
Acid
Calcium
salt of acetic acid (E260)
264
Ammonium
Acetate
Food
Acid
Ammonium
salt of acetic acid (E260)
270
Lactic
Acid *
Food
Acid
Commercially
produced by heat treatment of carbohydrate,
such as whey, and fermented by bacteria such as Bacillus acidilacti,
Lactobacillus delbueckii or L. bulgaricus
280
Propionic
Acid *
Preservative
May
be commercially derived from natural gas or from wood
pulp waste liquor by the fermentation activity of Propionibacteria
281
Sodium
Propionate *
Preservative
Sodium
salt of propionic acid (E280)
282
Calcium
Propionate *
Preservative
Calcium
salt of propionic acid (E280)
283
Potassium
Propionate *
Preservative
Potassium
salt of propionic acid (E280)
290
Carbon
Dioxide
Propellant
Naturally
occuring. May also be produced by way of
fermentation or acid-carbonate reaction
296
Malic
Acid (DL- or L-)
Food
Acid
Commercially
synthesised by means of heating malic with
sulphuric acid
297
Fumaric
Acid *
Food
Acid
Commercially
prepared by glucose fermentation using fungi
such as Rhizopus nigricans
300
L-Ascorbic
Acid/Vitamin C *
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Occurs
naturally in many fruits and vegetables. May be
synthesised from the hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol and its
eventual
conversion to ascorbic acid. May also be biologically synthesised
through means
of fermentation
301
Sodium
Ascorbate
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Synthetic
sodium salt of ascorbic acid (E300)
302
Calcium
Ascorbate
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Synthetic
calcium salt of ascorbic acid (E300)
303
Potassium
Ascorbate
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Synthetic
potassium salt of ascorbic acid (E300)
304
Ascorbyl
Palmitate *
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Ascorbic
acid ester comprising ascorbic acid and palmitic
acid
306
Tocopherol
Concentrate, Mixed/Vitamin E
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Extracts
from soya bean oil, rice germ, wheat germ, maize
and green leaves
307
Synthetic
Alpha-Tocopherol
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Manufactured
by chemical synthesis
308
Synthetic
Gamma-Tocopherol
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Manufactured
by chemical synthesis
309
Synthetic
Delta-Tocopherol
Antioxidant/
Vitamin
Manufactured
by chemical synthesis
310
Propyl
Gallate
Antioxidant
Manufactured
from gallic acid found in the tannins of nut
galls. May also be produced from the hydrolysis of tannase, which may
occur in
spent fungal broth
311
Octyl
Gallate
Antioxidant
Manufactured
from gallic acid found in the tannins of nut
galls. May also be produced from the hydrolysis of tannase, which may
occur in
spent fungal broth
312
Dodecyl
Gallate
Antioxidant
Manufactured
from gallic acid found in the tannins of nut
galls. May also be produced from the hydrolysis of tannase, which may
occur in
spent fungal broth
317
Erythorbic
Acid/Iso-ascorbic Acid *
Antioxidant
Commercially
produced from sucrose by fermentation with
Penicillium sp.
318
Sodium
Erythorbate/Sodium Iso-Ascorbate *
Antioxidant
Sodium
salt of erythorbic acid (E317)
319
tert-Butylhydroquinone/TBHQ
Antioxidant
Derived
from petroleum
320
Butylated
Hydroxyanisole (BHA) *
Antioxidant
Commercially
prepared from p-methoxyphenol and isobutene
321
Butylated
Hydroxytoluene (BHT) *
Antioxidant
Prepared
synthetically from p-cresol and isobutylene
322
Lecithins
*
Emulsifier/
Antioxidant
Obtained
from animal or vegetable materials through physical
procedures. Most lecithin are commercially obtained from soya beans
325
Sodium
Lactate *
Food
Acid
Sodium
salt of lactic acid (E270)
326
Potassium
Lactate *
Food
Acid
Potassium
salt of lactic acid (E270)
327
Calcium
Lactate *
Food
Acid
Calcium
salt of lactic acid (E270)
328
Ammonium
Lactate *
Food
Acid
Ammonium
salt of lactic acid (E270)
329
Magnesium
Lactate *
Food
Acid
Magnesium
salt of lactic acid (E270)
330
Citric
Acid *
Food
Acid
Commercially
prepared by the fermentation of molasses with
fungal strains of Aspergillus niger.
May also be isolated from pineapple by-products and low-grade lemons
331
Sodium
Citrates *
Food
Acid
Sodium
salt of citric acid (E330)
332
Potassium
Citrates *
Food
Acid
Potassium
salt of citric acid (E330)
333
Calcium
Citrates *
Food
Acid
Calcium
salt of citric acid (E330)
334
Tartaric
Acid *
Food
Acid
Most
commercially available tartaric acid is manufactured as
a by-product of the wide industry. May also be extracted from tamarind
pulp
335
Sodium
Tartrate *
Food
Acid
Sodium
salt of tartaric acid (E334)
336
Potassium
Tartrate/Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate/Cream of
Tartar *
Food
Acid
By-product
of the wine industry
337
Potassium
Sodium Tartrate *
Food
Acid
Derivative
of tartaric acid (E334)
338
Phosphoric
Acid/Orthophosphoric Acid
Miscellaneous
Manufactured
from phosphate ore
339
Sodium
Phosphates
Mineral
Salt
Sodium
salt of phosphoric acid (E338)
340
Potassium
Phosphates
Mineral
Salt
Potassium
salt of phosphoric acid (E338)
341
Calcium
Phosphates
Mineral
Salt
Calcium
salt of phosphoric acid (E338)
343
Magnesium
Phosphates
Mineral
Salt
Naturally
occurring mineral
350
Sodium
Malate/Sodium Hydrogen Malate
Food
Acid
Sodium
salt of malic acid (E296)
351
Potassium
Malate.
Food
Acid
Potassium
salt of malic acid (E296)
352
Calcium
Malate/Calcium Hydrogen Malate
Food
Acid
Calcium
salt of malic acid (E296)
353
Metatartaric
Acid *
Sequestrant
Prepared
from tartaric acid (E334)
355
Adipic
Acid/Hexanedioic Acid
Buffer
Commercially
produced by oxidising cyclohexanol with
concentrated nitric acid
357
Potassium
Adipate
Buffer
Potassium
salt of adipic acid (E355)
363
Succinic
Acid *
Buffer/
Food Acid*
Commercially
prepared from acetic acid (E260)
365
Sodium
Fumarate *
Food
Acid
Sodium
salt of fumaric acid (E297)
366
Potassium
Fumarate *
Food
Acid
Potassium
salt of fumaric acid (E297)
367
Calcium
Fumarate *
Food
Acid
Calcium
salt of fumaric acid (E297)
370
1,4-Heptonolactone
Sequestrant
Prepared
from hydroxycarboxylic acid
375
Niacin/Nicotinic
Acid/Nicotinamide
Vitamin
Commercially
prepared by the oxidation of nicotine with
concentrated nitric acid
380
Triammonium
Citrate *
Buffer
Ammonium
salt of citric acid (E330)
381
Ammonium
Ferric Citrate *
Dietary
Supplement
Prepared
from citric acid (E330)
385
Calcium
Disodium EDTA
Chelating
Agent
Synthetically
prepared
400
Alginic
Acid
Vegetable
Gum
Extracted
from brown seaweeds such as the species of
Laminaria, Macrocystis and Ascophyllum
401
Sodium
Alginate
Vegetable
Gum
Sodium
salt of alginic acid (E400)
402
Potassium
Alginate
Vegetable
Gum
Potassium
salt of alginic acid (E400)
403
Ammonium
Alginate
Vegetable
Gum
Ammonium
salt of alginic acid (E400)
404
Calcium
Alginate
Vegetable
Gum
Calcium
salt of alginic acid (E400)
405
Propane-1,2-Diol
Alginate/Propylene Glycol Alginate/Alginate
Ester
Vegetable
Gum
Propylene
glycol ester of alginic acid (E400)
406
Agar/Agar-Agar/Japanese
Isinglass
Vegetable
Gum
Extracted
from red seaweeds such as the Gelidium amansii.
May also be taken from members of the related red algae Rhodophyceae
407
Carrageenan/Irish
Moss
Vegetable
Gum
Occurs
naturally in red seaweeds belonging to the
Gigartinaceae, Solieriaceae, Hypnaceae and Furcellariaceae families
410
Locust
Bean Gum/Carob Bean Gum
Vegetable
Gum
Taken
from the Locust or Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua),
which is an evergreen tree belonging to the Leguminoseae or pea family
412
Guar
Gum
Vegetable
Gum
Extracted
from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, or C.
psoraloides, a member of the pea family
413
Tragacanth/Gum
Tragacanth
Vegetable
Gum
Extracted
from the trunk and branches of Astragalus
gummifier and other species of the pea family
414
Acacia/Gum
Arabic
Vegetable
Gum
Occurs
naturally in the stems and branches of Acacia senegal
and members of the pea family
415
Xanthan
Gum/Corn Sugar Gum *
Vegetable
Gum
Produced
by the fermentation of carbohydrate using a
bacterium known as Xanthomonas campestris
416
Karaya
Gum/Sterculia Gum
Vegetable
Gum
Occurs
naturally in the trunk and stem of the tree Sterculia
urens
420
Sorbitol/Sorbitol
Syrup *
Humectant
Commercially
produced from glucose by hydrogenation or
electrolytic reduction
421
Mannitol/Manna
Sugar
Humectant
Prepared
from seaweed or manna, the dried exudate of
Fraxinus ornus. May be commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of
invert
sugar, monosaccharides and sucrose
422
Glycerol/Glycerin
*
Humectant
Industrial
by-product in the manufacture of soaps, candles
and fatty acids from oils and fats. May also be synthesised from
propylene or
by the fermentation of sugars
430
Polyoxyethylene
(8) Stearate *
Emulsifier
Synthesised
using stearic acid (E570)
431
Polyoxyethylene
(40) Stearate *
Emulsifier
Synthesised
using stearic acid (E570)
432
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monolaurate/Polysorbate
20/Tween 20 *
Emulsifier
Lauric
ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
433
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Mono-Oleate/Polysorbate
80/Tween 80 *
Emulsifier
Oleic
ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
434
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate/Polysorbate
40/Tween 40 *
Emulsifier
Palmitate
ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
435
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monostearate/Polysorbate 60/Tween
60 *
Emulsifier
Stearic
acid ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
436
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Tristearate/Polysorbate
65/Tween 65 *
Emulsifier
Stearic
acid ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
440a
Pectin
Stabiliser/
Thickening Agent
Apple
residues and orange pith are commercial sources of
pectin
440b
Amidated
Pectin
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Derived
from the treatment of pectin (E440a) with ammonia
441
Gelatine
*
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Obtained
by boiling animal skin (usually cattle or pig's),
ligaments, bones, or any tissue that contains collagen
442
Ammonium
Phosphatides/Emulsifier YN
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
synthetically
450
Sodium
and Potassium Metaphosphates, Polyphosphates and
Pyrophosphates
Mineral
Salt
Sodium
and potassium salt of phosphoric acid (E338)
460
Microcrystalline
Cellulose/Powdered Cellulose
Anticaking
Agent
Prepared
from the cellulose component of plant cell wall
461
Methylcellulose/Cologel/Methocel
Vegetable
Gum
Prepared
from plant cellulose
463
Hydroxypropylcellulose
Vegetable
Gum
Prepared
from plant cellulose
464
Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose
Vegetable
Gum
Prepared
from plant cellulose
465
Ethylmethylcellulose
Vegetable
Gum
Prepared
from plant cellulose
466
Sodium
Carboxymethylcellulose/CMC
Vegetable
Gum
Prepared
from plant cellulose
469
Sodium
Caseinate
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Derived
from the protein of cow's milk
470
Sodium,
Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from fatty acids
471
Mono-and
Diglycerides of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Commercially
prepared from glycerin (E422) and fatty acids
472
Various
Esters of Glycerol *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from esters of glycerol and fatty acids
473
Sucrose
Esters of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from esters of glycerol and sucrose
474
Sucroglycerides
*
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
by the action of sucrose on natural triglycerides
(from lard, tallow, palm oil, etc)
475
Polyglycerol
Esters of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
in the laboratory
476
Polyglycerol
Esters of Polycendensed Fatty Acids of Castor
Oil/Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from castor oil and glycerol esters
477
Propane-1,2-Diol
Esters of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from propylene glycol
481
Sodium
Stearoyl-2-Lactylate *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from lactic acid (E270)
482
Calcium
Stearoyl-2-Lactylate *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from lactic acid (E270)
483
Stearyl
Tartrate *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
from tartaric acid (E334)
491
Sorbitan
Monostearate *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
synthetically from stearic acid (E570) and sorbitol
(E420)
492
Sorbitan
Tristearate/Span 65 *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
synthetically from stearic acid (E570) and sorbitol
(E420)
493
Sorbitan
Monolaurate/Span 20 *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and lauric acid
494
Sorbitan
Monooleate/Span 80 *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and oleic acid
495
Sorbitan
Monopalmitate/Span 40 *
Emulsifier/
Stabiliser
Prepared
synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and palmitic
acid
500
Sodium
Carbonate/Sodium Bicarbonate/Baking Soda
Mineral
Salt
Synthetically
prepared. May also be manufactured by the
Solvay process or electrolytically from sea water
501
Potassium
Carbonate/Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate
Mineral
Salt
Prepared
by saturating a concentrated solution of potassium
carbonate with carbon dioxide
503
Ammonium
Bicarbonate/Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate
Mineral
Salt
Prepared
by passing excess carbon dioxide through
concentrated ammonia water
504
Magnesium
Carbonate
Mineral
Salt
May
be prepared by mixing boiling concentrated solutions of
magnesium sulphate and sodium carbonate
507
Hydrochloric
Acid
Food
Acid
Industrially
produced by the reaction of sodium chloride and
sulphuric acid
508
Potassium
Chloride
Salt
Substitute
Naturally
occurs as a saline residue associated with rock
salt
509
Calcium
Chloride
Mineral
Salt
Obtained
as a by-product of the Solvay process and is also a
product from natural salt brines
510
Ammonium
Chloride
Flour
Treatment Agent
Synthetically
prepared
511
Magnesium
Chloride
Firming
Agent
Prepared
from magnesium ammonium chloride hexahydrate, in
the presence of hydrochloric acid
513
Sulphuric
Acid
Food
Acid
Commercially
prepared by the 'contact' or 'chamber' process
514
Sodium
Sulphate
Diluent
Naturally
occurring
515
Potassium
Sulphate
Salt
Substitute
Naturally
occurring
516
Calcium
Sulphate
Flour
Treatment Agent
Naturally
occurring
518
Magnesium
Sulphate
Dietary
Supplement/ Firming Agent
Naturally
occurring
519
Cupric
Sulphate/Copper Sulphate
Preservative/
Colour Fixative
Industrially
prepared by spraying hot dilute sulphuric acid
on to scrap copper in a lead-lined tower
524
Sodium
Hydroxide
Neutralising
Agent
Prepared
by electrolysis from brine, or precipitated from
sodium carbonate and lime solution
525
Potassium
Hydroxide
Oxidising
Agent
Industrially
prepared by electrolysis of potassium chloride
526
Calcium
Hydroxide
Neutralising
Agent
Prepared
by the hydration of lime
527
Ammonium
Hydroxide
Alkali
Prepared
from ammonia gas
528
Magnesium
Hydroxide
Alkali
Commercially
prepared from magnesite ores
529
Calcium
Oxide
Alkali
Prepared
from limestone
530
Magnesium
Oxide
Alkali
Commercially
prepared from magnesite ores
535
Sodium
Ferrocyanide
Anticaking
Agent
Synthetically
produced
536
Potassium
Ferrocyanide
Anticaking
Agent
Commercially
prepared as a by-product in the purification of
coal gas
540
Dicalcium
Diphosphate
Buffer
Naturally
occurring mineral. May also be synthetically
produced
541
Sodium
Aluminium Phosphate
Aerator/
Emulsifying Salt
Prepared
from phosphoric acid (E338)
542
Edible
Bone Phosphate/Bone Meal *
Anticaking
Agent
Extract
from animal bones
544
Calcium
Polyphosphates *
Emulsifying
Salt
Calcium
salts of polyphosphoric acid
545
Ammonium
Polyphosphates
Emulsifying
Salt
Ammonium
salts of polyphosphoric acid
551
Silicon
Dioxide/Silica Salt
Anticaking
Agent
Rock-forming
mineral and sand which is composed mainly of
quartz or flint
552
Calcium
Silicate
Anticaking
Agent
Commercially
prepared from lime and diatomaceous earth
553a
Magnesium
Silicate/Magnesium Trisilicate
Anticaking
Agent
Synthetic
compound of magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide.
May also be prepared from sodium silicate and magnesium sulphate
553b
Talc
Anticaking
Agent
Naturally
occurring mineral
554
Aluminium
Sodium Silicate/Sodium Aluminosilicate
Anticaking
Agent
Prepared
synthetically from quartz and gibbsite
556
Aluminium
Calcium Silicate
Anticaking
Agent
Naturally
occurring mineral
558
Bentonite
Anticaking
Agent
Naturally
occurring
559
Kaolin
Anticaking
Agent
Naturally
occurring
570
Stearic
Acid *
Anticaking
Agent
Naturally
occurring fatty acid found in all animal fats and
vegetable oils. May be prepared synthetically for commercial use
572
Magnesium
Stearate *
Anticaking
Agent
Magnesium
salt of stearic acid (E570)
575
Glucono
Delta-Lactone *
Sequestrant
Prepared
by the oxidation of glucose
576
Sodium
Gluconate
Sequestrant
Sodium
salt of gluconic acid
577
Potassium
Gluconate
Sequestrant
Potassium
salt of gluconic acid
578
Calcium
Gluconate
Sequestrant
Calcium
salt of gluconic acid
579
Ferrous
Gluconate
Colouring/
Flavouring
Prepared
from barium gluconate and ferrous sulphate
620
L-Glutamic
Acid *
Flavour
Enhancer
Commercially
prepared by the fermentation of carbohydrate by
a bacterium e.g. Micrococcus glutamicus
621
Monosodium
Glutamate/MSG *
Flavour
Enhancer
Sodium
salt of glutamic acid (E620)
622
Monopotassium
Glutamate *
Flavour
Enhancer
Potassium
salt of glutamic acid (E620)
623
Calcium
Glutamate *
Flavour
Enhancer
Calcium
salt of glutamic acid (E620)
627
Disodium
Guanylate *
Flavour
Enhancer
Sodium
salt of guanylic acid, a widely occurring nucleotide
found in yeast extract and sardines. May be synthetically prepared from
commercial use
631
Disodium
Inosinate *
Flavour
Enhancer
Sodium
salt of inosinic acid, found in meat extract and
sardines
635
Sodium
5'-Ribonucleotide *
Flavour
Enhancer
Mixture
of disodium guanylate (E627) and disodium inosinate
(E631)
636
Maltol
Flavour
Enhancer
Occurs
naturally in the bark of larch trees, pine needles
and roasted malt. May also be obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis of
streptomycin salt
637
Ethyl
Maltol
Flavour
Enhancer
Prepared
from maltol (E636)
900
Dimethylpolysiloxane/Dimethicone
Antifoaming
Agent
A
mixture of liquid dimethylpolysiloxane and silicon gel or
silicon dioxide
901
Beeswax
*
Glazing
Agent
Naturally
occurring from bee honeycomb. White beewax is
bleached and purified
903
Carnauba
Wax
Glazing
Agent
Obtained
from the surface of leaves of Copernicia cerifera,
a Brazilian wax palm
904
Shellac
*
Glazing
Agent
Obtained
from the resin produced by lac insect (Laccifer
lacca)
905
Mineral
Oil/Petrolatum
Glazing
Agent
Derived
from petroleum
907
Refined
Microcrystalline Wax
Glazing
Agent
Derived
from petroleum
920
L-Cysteine
Hydrochloride *
Flour
Treatment Agent
Manufactured
from animal hair and chicken feathers
924
Potassium
Bromate
Flour
Treatment Agent
Synthetically
produced
925
Chlorine
Preservative/
Bleaching Agent
Commercially
produced by electrolysis
926
Chlorine
Dioxide
Bleaching
Agent/ Improving Agent
Synthetically
prepared
927
Azodicarbonamide/Azoformamide
Improving
Agent
Synthetically
prepared
928
Benzoyl
Peroxide/Dibenzoyl Peroxide
Bleaching
Agent
Synthetically
prepared
931
Nitrogen
Propellant
Industrially
produced by the reduction of ammonia or by the
fractional distillation of liquid air
932
Nitrous
Oxide
Propellant
Industrially
produced by the thermal decomposition of
ammonium nitrate
950
Acesulphame
Potassium/Sunett
Artificial
Sweetener
Potassium
salt of
6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-1,2,2-dioxide
951
Aspartame/Nutrasweet
*
Artificial
Sweetener
Commercially
produced by combining two amino acids together,
namely L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid
952
Cyclamic
and its Calcium and Sodium Salts
Artificial
Sweetener
Manufactured
by many different methods
954
Saccharin
and its Calcium and Sodium Salts
Artificial
Sweetener
Manufactured
by many different methods
957
Thaumatin
Artificial
Sweetener
Derived
from an African plant called Thaumococcus danielli
965
Hydrogenated
Glucose Syrup *
Humectant
Derived
from starches, which originate from many different
sources, and broken down by enzymes and water to form glucose,
oligosaccharides, followed by maltitol and sorbitol (E420)
967
Xylitol
Sweetener
Commercially
produced as a waste product of the pulp
industry
1200
Polydextrose
*
Miscellaneous
Manufactured
from glucose, citric acid and sorbitol
1201
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Miscellaneous
Commercially
produced from acetylene, hydrogen, formaldehyde
and ammonia
1202
Polyvinyl
Polypyrrolidone
Miscellaneous
It
is the insolule form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E1201)
1400
Dextrin
Thickener
May
be produced by the dry heating of unmodified starch or
in the presence of acids and buffers. Starches used are mainly from
corn
(maize) and tapioca
1403
Bleached
Starch
Thickener
May
be obtained by treating native starch with various
chemicals including hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite or sulphur
dioxide
1404
Oxidised
Starch
Thickener
Produced
by treating native starch with sodium hypochlorite
1405
Enzyme-treated
Starch *
Thickener
Produced
by subjecting corn starch to acid-enzyme treatment
to yield glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides
1410
Monostarch
Phosphate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with
orthophosphoric acid, sodium or potassium orthophosphate, or sodium
tripolyphosphate
1412
Distarch
Phosphate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with sodium
trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride
1413
Phosphated
Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with
phosphate, and dually stabilised with a 'monosubstituent group' of
phosphate
1414
Acetylated
Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with sodium
trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride, and stabilised with a
'monosubstituent group' of acetate
1420
Starch
Acetate Esterified with Acetic Anhydride
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with a mixed
anhydride of adipic and acetic anhydride, and stabilised with a
'monosubstituent group' of acetate
1421
Starch
Acetate Esterified with Vinyl Acetate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with
monosubstituent groups of vinyl acetate
1422
Acetylated
Distarch Adipate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with a mixed
anhydride of adipic and acetic anhydride
1440
Hydroxypropyl
Starch
Thickener
Produced
by treating native starch with the hydroxypropyl
group
1442
Hydroxypropyl
Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced
by the esterification of native starch with
phosphate, and stabilised with a monosubstituent hydroxyl group
1450
Starch,
Sodium Octenylsuccinate
Thickener
Produced
by treating native starch with an octenylsuccinate
half ester monosubstituent group
1505
Triethyl
Citrate/Ethyl Citrate
Miscellaneous
Bitter
oily liquid which is soluble in water and can be
mixed with alcohol
1510
Ethyl
Alcohol/Ethanol *
Miscellaneous
Produced
by the fermentation of carbohydrates. May also be
obtained from ethylene, acetylene or liquors from waste sulphites.
Other
manufacturing process includes hydrolysis of ethyl sulphate or by the
oxidation
of methane
1518
Triacetin/Glycerol
Triacetate *
Miscellaneous
Produced
by the acetylation of glycerol
1520
Propylene
Glycol *
Miscellaneous
Commercially
produced from propylene, or by heating glycerol
with sodium hydroxide, or by reacting propylene oxide with water
Halal
or Haram - find the source
- Syubhah/Doubtful
(either by
way of its source or manufacturing process)